Bicycle Frames

Exploring Bicycle Frames

Bicycle frames are the most important components of the bicycle, onto which wheels and other components are fitted. The major types of materials used in frames including steel, aluminum, titanium, and carbon fiber.

The most modern and common frame design for the upright bicycles is based on the safety bicycle. This is made of two triangles, a main triangle and a paired rear triangle.It is known as the diamond frame. Bicycle frames main triangle is where you see the top tube and the down tube as well as the head tube. The paired chain stays, seat stays and seat tube is in the rear triangle.

The Schematic Of Frames

The diamond frame consists of three triangles, a larger front triangle and a pair of rear triangles. The larger triangle is made up of the top tube, head tube, down tube and seat tube. The seat tube, and paired chain stays and seat stays are at the rear triangle. The top tube connects both the head tube and the seat tube. In mountain frames, the top tube is usually sloped while in road bikes it is usually straight.

The seat post of the bike, which connects to the saddle, is usually placed in the seat tube. To the chain, the chain stays run parallel and it connects

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What makes a good brake pad great?
What makes a good brake pad great? Since not all brake pads are created equal, some technical information can help you understand the differences between the kinds available on the market. There are three types of friction material commonly used for motorcycle brakes: sintered metal, ceramic and Carbon-Kevlar. Sintered metallic brake pads, which have a very high metal content, are typically very hard and abrasive to the rotor surface while offering moderate stopping power and mechanical strength. Service life tends to be significantly lower and sintered metallic pads tend to run more dirty and noisy than other types of friction material. They are also inexpensive to manufacture and are the cheapest pads on the market. Ceramic brake pads usually have a very high copper content and are sintered as well. While ceramic pads generally offer a slightly longer service life and run cleaner than sintered metallic pads, they offer only moderate stopping power. Carbon-Kevlar pads, often referred to as organic pads, usually have a small percentage of iron or non-ferrous metal and are softer than other friction materials. Carbon-Kevlar pads typically run very clean and quiet and offer good stopping power. They have extremely long service life and are not abrasive to the rotor because they generate less heat than other friction materials. Lyndall’s brake pads are of the Carbon-Kevlar variety. What makes our pads unique is that they contain a premium blend of Carbon-Kevlar and non-ferrous metal and have a high transfer rate. Once the pad material has transferred a layer to the rotor, the rotor effectively becomes one big brake pad stopping against the two smaller brake pads positioned in the caliper. The result: incredible stopping power, no dust, no noise, no drag, no measurable rotor wear, and the highest service life of any pad on the market.
Why do I need a floating rotor?
Why do I need a floating rotor? In order to determine which rotor will be right for your riding situation, it’s important to understand the various types currently available on the market. Motorcycle rotors are typically offered in three different mechanical designs: one-piece, two-piece, and fully floating. One-piece rotors, like the ones that come OE on a Harley-Davidson, are just a solid shape, usually stamped out of stainless steel. Solid rotors of this variety are easily mass-produced. As a result, they’re generally the cheapest on the market. However, they’re limited in stopping performance and service life. The two-piece rotor has a carrier that is separate from the friction ring. The two-piece rotor is essentially the same as a solid, one-piece rotor because the carrier is attached to the friction ring. The two are bolted together with hardware or a rivet and high-pressure cone washer, in a manner that offers zero movement between the two pieces. While the two piece rotor offers no mechanical advantage over a one-piece rotor, it does allow the manufacturer to offer a wider variety of style options. Fully floating rotors have a carrier that is completely independent of the friction ring. The carrier is attached to the friction ring via buttons with low pressure spring washers and c-clips or a helical retaining clip as found in our Lug Drive rotors. On a fully floating rotor, all three of these pieces will move independently of each other with little effort. Float, or movement, is about .0020”. Floating rotors offer superior mechanical advantage over solid rotor types because when the friction ring gets hot, it grows in diameter. Keep in mind that the outer diameter of the rotor gets much hotter than the inner diameter. This variance in temperature causes a variance in material expansion. The fully floating rotor design compensates for this variance by allowing room (.0020”) for the friction ring to grow independently of the carrier, dramatically increasing rotor stability, stopping performance, and service life, while also diminishing the possibility of warpage under the most extreme of conditions. Rotors are manufactured of various materials. Most rotors are made of stainless steel, either 410 or 420 grade. Stainless steel is an inherently stable, heavy, and hard material, so it takes a good polish. Some high-performance rotors are made of ductile iron. Ductile iron has the highest coefficient of friction of any rotor surface. But, iron rusts and is not as stable as steel. Recent advances in metal-matrix composite and the processes associated with manufacturing from this material have made composite materials a newcomer to the rotor industry. Metal matrix composite (MMC) is a mixture of aluminum and ceramic. MMC is a most interesting material with the measurable ability to shed heat and weight, as well as noise. These advances in material options available for the manufacture of motorcycle rotors allows Lyndall Racing Brakes to manufacture an 11-1/2” fully floating rotor that weighs 1-1/2 pounds, has a coefficient of friction consistent with an iron rotor (but never rusts).
Cycle Solutions

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the bottom bracket shell to the rear dropouts. The chain stays can be tapered tubes or straight. On higher-end bikes, sometimes they are sculpted to allow clearance for the crank arms and rear wheel.

The seat stays connect the top of the seat tube to the rear dropouts. The seat stays which merge onto one section before joining the front triangle of the bicycle, is a single seat stay or mono seat stay since it meets at a single point. Seat stays which meet the front triangle of the at two separate points; usually side-by-side is a dual seat stay.

Bicyle Frame Sizes

Bicycle frame sizes are traditionally measured from the center of the bottom bracket and to the top of the seat tube. For adults, the frames sizes usually range from 12 (smaller frames) to 18 (larger frames). Intervals are usually by twos and there are also some intervals with a half point in them.

Bicycle Frame Materials

Lighter than a regular steel frame is the high quality steel frame. When it is light it makes it easier to ride uphill, and to accelerate on the flat. Aluminum frames have gained popularity in the early eighties because of their being lightweight while in the 90's titanium came into the picture. Recently, carbon fiber has been developed into frames.


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